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Download the Permagardening for the Future Chapter
The Permagardening for the Future chapter of the Facilitators Manual provides the detailed instructions (and support materials) you need to implement the mobilization meeting. Download the chapter here.
Summary
Goal Farmers will implement techniques to enhance long-term health and continuous productivity of the Forest Garden. Learning Objectives- Learn how to grow vegetables at non-traditional times of the year.
- Learn how to use soil and water conservation techniques to stop, slow, sink and spread water as it flows through the field.
- Learn how to stabilize earthworks by planting perennials.
- Learn advanced pest management techniques and natural pest controls.
- Chapter 5: Seedling Propagation (Soils section)
- Chapter 7: Outplanting Seedlings
- Chapter 13: Permagardening
- Chapter 16: Integrated Pest Management
- Ask host farmer which annuals and perennials his/her family would like to plant during the workshop.
- Ask host farmer to find/recreate updated Forest Garden design to identify timber tree outplanting locations.
- Collect seeds and planting material.
- Inspect tree nursery to determine whether timber tree and fruit tree seedlings are ready for outplanting.
- Inspect field for pests and decide which natural pest control method to include in training.
- Translate the Permagardening for the Future story into the local language, using local names, greetings, vegetables, etc. where appropriate.
- Retrieve Seasonal Market Analysis chart from Module 8, if available.
- Forest Garden design for host farmer’s field
- Perennial planting material
- Ingredients to make natural pesticide
- 2 wheelbarrows for transporting seedlings
- 5 round shovels or appropriate digging tools
- 3 watering cans with water
- ½ wheelbarrow of wood ash
- ½ wheelbarrow of charcoal dust
- 1 wheelbarrow of compost or decomposed manure
- Sticks for marking planting rows
- 5 hoes
- String
- Bucket
- Flip chart
- Markers
- Perennials & Off-season Vegetables
Agenda
Opener: Gardening for the Future story (30 mins) Activity 1: Earthworks for soil and water conservation (2 hours)- Human rain drop
- Facilitator explains how to conserve soil and water in the Forest Garden
- Design earthworks plan for the permagarden
- Form small groups and practice constructing berms, swales and other earthworks techniques in the Forest Garden
- Explain best practices for planting and growing vegetables in the offseason
- Review Forest Garden design
- Outplant timber trees
- Review benefits of perennials
- Plant perennials on berms to stabilize soil
- Inspect the field for pest problems
- Discuss techniques to address common pest problems
- Practice making natural pest controls
- Debrief gardening best practices, soil and water conservation and pest control
- Instruct farmers to plant perennials to stabilize berms, segment field and control pests
- Instruct farmers to outplant timber tree seedlings and slow-growing fruit tree seedlings in the Forest Garden
- Follow-up
What you need to know
Whether you intend to sit the FG Pro certification exam, or lead Seedling Propagation module extension activities, you must be able to answer the following questions to succeed.Soil types, amendments, compost & mulch
Soil Type
- Why is soil quality important?
- What are the different types of soil?
- What are the drawbacks of clay for nursing trees?
- What are the drawbacks of sand for nursing trees?
- Why is loamy soil best for nursing trees? What is the fourth important medium for healthy soils? What is humus and where does it come from?
Simple Soil Test
Soil Amendments and their Benefits
Permagerdening: Year round vegetable garden
Site Selection & Planning
Constructing a Permagarden (Berms & Swales)
- What are key steps in constructing a Permagarden site – including design of earthworks (berms & swales)?
- What is double digging? How do you perform double digging for permagardens? Why is double-digging critical for permagarden beds?
- What amendments should you add to the soil in your nursery beds? In what proportions?
- What do you do after double digging the beds?
- What are advantages and disadvantages of raised and sunken garden beds?
Vegetable Propagation
The Germinate and Transplant Method
- How do you prepare the germination bed? How do you protect the germination bed? From goats? From pests/ants? From the sun?
- How do you plant seeds in the germination bed? What is the spacing between seeds in the germination bed?
- What are some reasons seeds do not germinate?
- How do you care for plants in the germination beds? How often do you weed? When do you thin?
Transplanting
- How do you transplant your vegetable seedling from germination beds to permagarden beds?
- What are some tips or precautions to keep in mind when transplanting seedlings?
Direct Seeding
- What are benefits of direct seeding, what are its drawbacks? What types of vegetables benefit from direct seeding?
- What are three benefits of using the germinate and transplant method over direct seeding?
Triangular Spacing of Seeds and Transplants
- How do you maximize the number of plants you can grow in a bed without planting them too closely?
- Is it best to line up plants evenly in rows or to stagger them like triangles? What benefits do you get from triangular spacing?
- Why is it critical to get the spacing between plants right when using triangular spacing?
- What technique can you use to dig holes in the correct triangular pattern?
Convenient Spacing Tools
Maintaining Your Permagarden
Maximizing Productivity in your Permagarden
- What are some strategies for intercropping crop types so that you can harvest throughout the year?
- What are some advantages of intercropping?
- How does crop rotation minimize pests and disease?
- What are the four main types of vegetables? Which types do not take as many nutrients from the soil? Which types give back nutrients to the soil? Which types need the most nutrients from the soil?
- In what order should you rotate different types of vegetables?
- What is cover cropping? What are its benefits in the rainy season? What are its benefits in the cold season?
- What are companion plants?
Outplanting seedlings
Timing of Tree Planting
Prepare Your Planting Holes
Extracting and Transporting your Seedlings
Outplanting your Seedlings
- Why is it important to massage the rootball after removing the seedling from the sack?
- What are J-roots and how do you prevent them?
- How and why should you prune the bareroot seedling after planting it?
- Where should the root collar of the seedling be placed when planting the seedling?
- How should soil be packed into the hole around the seedling? How tightly?
- How much water do you need for each outplanted seedling or sucker? How often?
Caring for outplanted tree seedlings
Related Questions
- What are the biggest risks to the newly planted seedlings?
- What is a cuvette and how can you make one to help the trees?
- How much water do trees need in the first year of being outplanted? What can you do to make sure they are getting the right amount of water? Are livestock a threat to the seedlings? Why? How do you prevent it?
Integrated Pest Management
Related Questions